Throughout 2025, ReliabilityFirst (RF)'s focus on ensuring a reliable and secure electric grid remained steadfast.

In 2026, we celebrate 20 years as an organization. We are proud of the work we've done and would like to thank all of our stakeholders for your shared commitment, collaboration, and trust over the years.

Forward Together
-Tim Gallagher, President & CEO

Tim Gallagher | President and CEO

Tim Gallagher | President and CEO

Tim Gallagher | President and CEO

Who We Are

About RF

RF is one of six regional organizations within the Electric Reliability Organization (ERO) Enterprise, which is responsible for ensuring the reliability and security of the North American bulk power system. We receive our authority from the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC).

We work with utility companies to identify and prioritize risks to the electric grid and develop mitigation strategies. We achieve this through education, outreach, sharing of best practices, and monitoring and enforcing the NERC Reliability Standards. In addition, we conduct short and long-term assessments of grid reliability, including analysis of emerging risks.

We are an objective, expert voice on grid reliability and serve as an independent resource to state-level decision-makers to shine a light on the risks and issues affecting grid reliability and security matters. Our technical expertise assists states and helps to manage risks as we shift from traditional energy sources like coal, nuclear, and natural gas to more renewable sources like solar and wind.

Our region is situated within the Eastern Interconnection, and we work toward our shared mission with NERC and the five other regions, MRO, NPCC, SERC, Texas RE, and WECC.

We are headquartered in Cleveland, Ohio, with more than 100 employees.

Our footprint includes:

13
States & Washington, D.C.

89 Million
Estimated Population

330+
Registered Entities

Our mission

RF’s mission is to serve the public good and support health and safety through preserving and enhancing the reliability, security, and resilience of the grid. RF was created in response to the 2003 Northeast Blackout, which had a tremendous impact on the northeastern and Great Lakes areas of the U.S. as well as Ontario, Canada. Our reliance on the bulk power system has grown exponentially since then, which is why the collaborative efforts of RF, its regional ERO partners, and NERC to keep the grid reliable, secure, and resilient is vital to our communities and our way of life.

We assess our performance, prioritize activities, plan resources, and create this stakeholder value through our compliance and collaboration efforts that include the following areas of focus:

  • Energy: Tackling the reliability and resilience challenges of a rapidly changing energy resource mix, the impacts of extreme weather, and the capability to transfer energy when required.
  • Security: Focusing on physical and cybersecurity risks.
  • Agility: Becoming more nimble in risk identification and standards development.
  • Sustainability: Investing in automation, eliminating single points of failure, and strengthening the ERO’s long-term stability and success.

Our value

Consider this:

The average U.S. household spends an estimated $1,656 annually on electricity.

Of that cost, approximately 63 cents per year, or about a nickel per month, is spent on the collective services of the ERO Enterprise.

This small investment ensures that when the switch is flipped, the lights will come on, and our grid will remain reliable, secure and resilient.

WHAT WE DO

Woman in front of power line

Audit & Enforcement

We audit utility companies on mandated standards related to cybersecurity, vegetation management near vital powerlines, preparation for extreme weather and more.

RF Fall Reliability & Security Summit

Outreach & Training

We promote the reliability and security of the electric grid through outreach and training to these companies on best practices.

Analysis & Recommendations

We conduct our own analyses and projections related to resource planning and more, serving as an independent resource state bodies call on for expertise when they work on energy policy decisions.

Our People

Cultivating an engaged & talented workforce

More than a team

At RF, we are more than just a team – we are a community of dedicated professionals committed to ensuring the reliability and security of the electric grid. We have a staff of approximately 100 employees, including a mix of skilled professionals in engineering, auditing, cyber security, law and other specialties, many of whom have past industry
experience in control room operations, planning and other areas. Our employees are passionate about the work they do and their positive impact.

Investing in people

We firmly believe that investing in our people is an investment in the future of our organization. We enable our team members to grow both personally and professionally. We provide ample resources and opportunities to support this growth.

Building a strong culture

We understand that our success depends on the unique perspectives, experiences, and skills of our employees, stakeholders, and partners. We are committed to cultivating a culture of belonging where everyone is valued, respected, and empowered to contribute toward our goal of ensuring the reliability, security, and resilience of the electric grid.

We are proud of our selection as one of the Top Workplaces in Northeast Ohio by the Cleveland Plain Dealer in 2025.

This is our fourth year running that we've received this recognition.

Leadership Team

Our leadership team is passionate about ensuring the reliability and security of the Bulk Power System, while hiring top-caliber employees to support this mission.

Pictured from left to right:

  • Marcus Noel, VP & Chief Security Officer
  • Diane Holder, VP of Engineering & Strategic Engagement
  • Tim Gallagher, President & CEO
  • Jeff Craigo, Senior VP of Operations & Risk
  • Niki Schaefer, VP & General Counsel

Our experienced team of directors leading our day-to-day activities in compliance monitoring, enforcement, outreach, engineering and reliability services are listed below. For more information on our leadership team, see our website.

Kristen Senk

Kristen Senk
Deputy General Counsel &

Director, Legal & Enforcement

Brian Thiry

Brian Thiry
Director, Strategic Engagement

Matt Thomas

Matt Thomas
Director, Compliance Monitoring

Jim Uhrin

Jim Uhrin
Director, Engineering & Reliability Services

Atif Usman

Atif Usman
Director, Analytics & Risk

Board of Directors

RF’s Board of Directors governs and oversees RF’s activities according to the corporation’s bylaws and its delegation agreement with NERC.

Our hybrid board structure was carefully designed to include independent directors along with balanced representation from the diverse entities across our footprint. The Board of Directors and its committees meet regularly, with at least three open meetings per year.

New voices join the board

RF welcomed a host of talented new individuals to its Board of Directors over the past year.

Doug Cannon

Doug Cannon, Supplier Sector
President of AEP Transmission

Renuka Chatterjee

Renuka Chatterjee, RTO Sector
Vice President of Operations, MISO

Craig Creamean

Craig Creamean, Large LSE Sector
Vice President of Transmission System Operations, Exelon

Vinit Gupta

Vinit Gupta, At-Large Director
Vice President of Transmission Planning,
ITC Holdings Corp.

Nate Hill

Nate Hill, At-Large Director
Head of Energy Policy, Amazon

Mark Mrocyznski

Mark Mrocyznski, Transmission Sector
President of Transmission, FirstEnergy

Paul Spicer

Paul Spicer, Supplier Sector
Special Advisor, WE Energies

Our Work

Compliance monitoring & enforcement

RF monitors entity compliance with the NERC Reliability Standards. We work to ensure that we are continuously improving in our compliance monitoring and enforcement efforts, and prioritizing our efforts based on risk.

Our Compliance Monitoring and Enforcement Program ensures compliance and addresses issues related to:

  • Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP)
  • Operations and Planning (O&P)

Our responsibility is to ensure registered entities comply with the NERC Reliability Standards through tools such as:

  • Auditing: An in-depth monitoring method to review the reliability, security, internal controls, and culture of our entities. The focus is on the mandated NERC Reliability Standards, entity performance, and the inherent risks of entity assets.
  • Self-certifications: Monitoring method in which an entity completes a self-assessment of its compliance activities with applicable NERC Reliability Standards and requirements, and submits substantiating evidence that validates compliance.
  • Spot checks: Tools used to audit smaller scopes focusing on a single risk or two.

When entities self-identify noncompliance, or we identify noncompliance through one of our monitoring tools, our enforcement team quickly engages with entities to ensure the underlying issues are appropriately addressed and resolved.

Members of RF's Compliance Monitoring team at the 2025 Fall Reliability & Security Summit

Members of RF's Compliance Monitoring team at the 2025 Fall Reliability & Security Summit

Members of RF's Compliance Monitoring team at the 2025 Fall Reliability & Security Summit

Stakeholder collaboration

At RF, we know that excellence thrives on support. Our team also works with entities outside of the compliance space to strengthen their reliability, security, and resilience posture. This collaboration is fundamental to our strategy for mitigating risks to the grid. This includes:

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Assist Visits

Our Assist Visit offers entities voluntary, tailored training focusing on the unique challenges they may be facing.

In 2025, RF conducted 71 Assist Visits, including:

  • 47 related to Operations & Planning (O&P)
  • 24 related to Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP)

To use the program or learn more, simply submit a request via our website at the link below.

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Cold Weather Winterization Visits

Similar to Assist Visits, this program specifically focuses on assessing entities’ cold weather winterization plans, precautions, practices and training.

Across the 2025-26 winter season, RF led a record 28 on-site visits, evaluating the procedures and processes implemented to winterize each facility and safeguard operations against extreme cold conditions.

We also documented best practices to be shared across industry in our 2024-25 Cold Weather Winterization After-Action report.

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Appraisals

Entity Appraisals assess our registered entities’ management practices to identify risks, best practices, and opportunities for improvement.

We also offer Community Appraisals, which assess the readiness, preparedness, and resilience of communities in our footprint to withstand long-term disruptions to electrical power and other threats.

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Reports and Assessments

Our team of engineers works with industry to gather data and conduct analysis and offers valuable insights, including summer and winter grid reliability projections as well as our Resource Adequacy Report (formerly Long-term Reliability Assessment) that projects 10-year forecasts.

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Committees

RF facilitates several committees and subcommittees that offer stakeholders the opportunity to collaborate and share expertise. These include the Critical Infrastructure Protection Committee (CIPC), Standards Committee, the Reliability Committee, and its three subcommittees: Protection Subcommittee, Transmission Performance Subcommittee, and Generator Subcommittee.

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Self-Assessment Tools

RF offers three self-assessment tools, evaluating incident response, cyber resilience, and insider threat preparedness. Stay tuned for more news on these tools as we roll out some exciting changes in 2026.

Stakeholder outreach

Outreach to the entities in our footprint, as well as key stakeholders such as state policymakers and utility commissioners, is also a core part of our work at RF. We testified at state government hearings and committee meetings, served as keynote speakers at conferences, hosted workshops, webinars and our annual Reliability & Security Summit, published newsletters, technical assessments and reports, and more.

With experts in power system engineering, control room operations, planning, and cyber and physical security on our staff, we are an independent, credible resource for state policymakers, industry, and advocates to call upon. Sharing our insights on vital grid reliability and security topics with state stakeholders is a key priority for us and this effort continues to progress, with our staff testifying at seven hearings and technical conferences throughout 2025.

CEO Panel discussion at the 2025 Fall Reliability & Security Summit

Fall Reliability & Security Summit

RF hosted its annual Fall Reliability & Security Summit in September 2025 just outside of Washington, D.C. The summit offered a range of sessions, including an internal controls workshop, a CEO panel, and an energy policy discussion featuring several prominent state policymakers. The keynote event featured a fireside chat with NERC President and CEO Jim Robb and FERC Commissioner David Rosner, who was FERC Chairman at the time.

As part of this event, we also held our third annual Reliability Recognition Awards, recognizing five entities for their exceptional efforts in support of maintaining the reliability and security of the grid.

Maryland Grid Disturbance Tabletop

Maryland Grid Disturbance Tabletop

In May 2025, RF hosted its third statewide security tabletop exercise, this time in Gaithersburg, Maryland. The event convened utility professionals, emergency management personnel, first responders, elected officials, business leaders, and other stakeholders from the Maryland, Delaware, and Washington, D.C. areas.

The simulated exercise helped participants strengthen disaster and emergency preparedness, identify system vulnerabilities, and build connections across critical infrastructure sectors.

CIP Low Impact Workshop

CIP Low Impact Workshop

In August 2025, RF hosted a CIP Low Impact Workshop, which offered CIP compliance personnel the opportunity to improve their skills and understanding of the low impact CIP requirements.

In addition to full-day education tracks on physical security and low impact compliance, presenters from across industry and two national labs gave a broad-spectrum view of this important topic.

Baltimore load shed event report

In October 2025, RF published the August 2025 Baltimore Load Shed Event ReliabilityFirst After Action Analysis. The report details and analyzes the Aug. 11, 2025 bulk power system disturbance that impacted approximately 4,000 customers in the Baltimore area for a duration of 28 minutes.

It incorporates critical data and a sequence of events provided by the impacted entities and includes RF’s independent analysis, technical findings, and evaluation of the sequence of events. It was distributed to industry and state stakeholders and shared with the White House.

External outreach engagements

RF expanded its outreach activities this year, appearing on major stages to address leadership and reliability topics in the energy sector. The state outreach team engaged a wide range of audiences, including large technology companies, policymakers, and state energy leaders. Highlights included speaking at the Institute for State Policy Leaders Transmission Policy Seminar, delivering a keynote at the Women IN Energy Conference, and hosting a panel at DISTRIBUTECH 2025.

Additionally, RF President & CEO Tim Gallagher joined the Pittsburgh Works Together podcast to discuss grid impacts related to electrification and RF’s efforts to bolster reliability. Following the podcast, the group invited him to deliver the keynote address at a luncheon attended by Pennsylvania policymakers. The engagement expanded awareness of emerging reliability challenges and strengthened relationships with state decision-makers responsible for energy policy.

Key Regional Risks

These key regional risks drove RF’s work priorities in 2025

Environmental factors

Extreme weather events, such as winter storms, present heightened reliability risks to the system as they can potentially reduce generation availability while driving peak demand to critical levels. Freezing equipment and subsequent failure of natural gas supply can be a significant factor in power outages across the U.S. In addition, renewable energy availability declines sharply during these types of extreme weather conditions, adding more challenges during a time when people need power the most.

Examples of how we addressed the environmental factors risk in 2025:

  • Audit and enforcement
  • Cold Weather Winterization Site Visits
  • Event analysis
  • Meetings and testimony with state policymakers
  • Webinars
  • Social media outreach
  • Reliability Assessments
  • Committees facilitating industry collaboration
  • Collaboration with NERC

Grid transformation

The ongoing transformation of the electric grid introduces a growing reliability risk driven by the convergence of three trends: accelerating generation retirements, increased reliance on weather-dependent resources, and unprecedented load growth. This combination narrows operating margins, limits essential reliability services and increasingly challenges the system’s ability to reliably serve load across all hours and weather conditions.

Examples of how we addressed the grid transformation risk in 2025: 

  • Audit and enforcement
  • Meetings and testimony with state policymakers
  • Webinars
  • Workshops
  • Newsletter articles
  • Social media outreach
  • IBRs (category 2) registration and new NERC Reliability Standards rollout
  • Review of international events
  • Event reports and lessons learned
  • Collaboration with NERC

Cyber and physical security

As electric utilities modernize their systems, adopting advanced metering, automation, and digital communications, the attack surface for cyber threats has expanded significantly. What were once isolated operational technology (OT) systems are increasingly connected to broader enterprise networks, allowing for improved efficiency and, unfortunately, greater vulnerability to cyber intrusion.

Physical security threats also pose a risk to the system due to the distributed and decentralized nature of critical assets, especially resources located in remote or open areas. Damage to key infrastructure can cause localized outages or broader system disruptions that can be long-lasting due to supply chain constraints and extended repair times.

The electric sector is particularly attractive to malicious actors due to the essential nature of its services. Critical infrastructure is continually being targeted by foreign adversaries. Disruptions can have immediate and far-reaching consequences for public safety services, the economic sector, and the broader community.

Examples of how we addressed the cyber and physical security risk in 2025:

  • Collaboration with the E-ISAC
  • Audit and enforcement
  • New standards development
  • Certification reviews
  • Committees facilitating industry collaboration
  • Webinars
  • Workshops
  • Social media
  • Newsletter articles
  • Industry events participation
  • Statewide security tabletop drill
  • Security and resilience self-assessment tools for entities
  • Assist Visits
  • Meetings and testimony with state policymakers

Supply chain

Supply chain constraints have contributed to resource adequacy concerns. Current delivery timelines are delayed three to five years for turbines and up to two years for transformers, compounding project costs and creating timing mismatches between retiring generation and replacement capacity.

Additionally, the raw materials used to make the lithium-ion batteries to support the grid are the same materials used to make electric vehicle (EV) batteries. The surge in demand for these raw materials has created supply chain constraints resulting in delays in construction of facilities.

Examples of how we addressed the supply chain risk in 2025:

  • Audit and enforcement
  • Webinars
  • Reliability Assessments
  • Meetings and testimony with state policymakers

Misoperations

Misoperations pose a risk to the electric grid because they can result in the unintended operation or failure of protection systems that are designed to isolate faults and maintain system stability. When protection systems misoperate (whether due to incorrect settings, human error, or equipment issues) they can unnecessarily disconnect critical facilities or fail to clear faults, increasing the likelihood of widespread outages or cascading events.

While misoperations are not a new risk, these risks are heightened as the resource mix of the grid transitions toward inverter-based resources. The replacement of thermal-based generation with asynchronous generation may impact short-circuit fault currents, impacting the way protection systems and relays detect and respond to faults. Recent NERC event reports include lessons learned regarding IBRs responding to voltage and frequency disturbances, impacting reliable operations.

Examples of how we addressed the Misoperations risk in 2025:

  • Audit and enforcement
  • Assist Visits
  • Webinars
  • Workshops
  • Newsletter articles
  • Reports
  • Committees facilitating industry collaboration

Modeling

Modeling is critical to grid reliability because it allows planners and operators to understand how the electric system will perform under a wide range of operating conditions, including peak demand, extreme weather, and system disturbances. Accurate modeling helps identify system constraints, assess the impacts of resource changes and load growth, and evaluate if the system has enough operating reserve margins to respond to stress events.

As the resource mix shifts toward greater reliance of weather dependent generation, and availability changes throughout the day, traditional modeling methods are no longer sufficient and hour-by-hour energy modeling is required to reflect the variability of the generation. This evolution in modeling will require enhanced tools, technologies, and specialized skill sets to support system planning and operations.

Examples of how we addressed the Modeling risk in 2025:

  • Studies and assessments
  • Audit and enforcement
  • Collaboration with NERC
  • Committees facilitating industry collaboration

Situational awareness

Limited situational awareness poses a risk to grid reliability because operators in the control room depend on timely, accurate information to make informed decisions during normal operations and system disturbances. Incomplete visibility into system conditions such as real-time load, resource availability, or equipment status can delay corrective actions, increase the likelihood of misoperations, and hinder effective coordination during rapidly evolving events.

The increase in behind-the-meter resources, intermittent distributed energy resources, tighter margins and large electric loads such as data centers, makes situational awareness critical to reliable grid operations. Visibility and communication are needed for balancing load and generation as the grid continues to transform, and control center technology outages increase this risk profile if not mitigated.

Examples of how we addressed the Situational Awareness risk in 2025:

  • Audit and enforcement
  • Event analysis
  • Lessons Learned
  • Workshops
  • Webinars
  • Collaboration with NERC
  • Certification reviews
  • Committees facilitating industry collaboration

The Road Ahead

In 2025, we proved that progress is possible even under mounting pressures. These challenges remind us, more starkly than ever, of the indispensable role a reliable and secure electric grid plays in sustaining our way of life. From powering critical hospital systems, keeping homes livable during the most unforgiving extremes of heat and cold, to anchoring our economy and national security, the grid underpins the very functions our society cannot afford to lose. 

As we’ve emphasized in this report, facing these challenges requires collective solutions, not isolated action. In 2026, we will build on that momentum, bringing data-driven insights, technical expertise and leadership, and a shared commitment to reliability to every challenge before us.  

We will continue to anticipate and analyze evolving threats and work side-by-side with our stakeholders to innovate and adapt. And we cannot do it alone – industry partners, policymakers, and regulators each play an essential role in maintaining a grid that is secure, reliable, and ready for the future. Thank you all for your collaboration and shared dedication to this mission. What gives me confidence is not that this road ahead will be easy, but that we are meeting it together. 

Forward. Together. 

-Tim Gallagher, President & CEO, ReliabilityFirst

Tim Gallagher | President and CEO

Tim Gallagher | President and CEO

Tim Gallagher | President and CEO